Fluorescent light

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Fluorescent light is a form of electric discharge lamp that produces visible light through a two-step process. First, an electric current passes through a low-pressure gas contained within a glass tube, typically a mixture of argon and mercury vapor. This current excites the mercury atoms, causing them to emit invisible ultraviolet (UV) light. Second, the inside surface of the glass tube is coated with a fluorescent material called phosphor. When the UV light strikes this phosphor coating, it absorbs the UV energy and re-emits it as visible light.

Fluorescent lights are known for being significantly more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, converting a larger portion of the electrical energy into light and producing less heat. They also typically have a longer lifespan.

There are several common forms of fluorescent lighting:

Linear Fluorescent Tubes: The familiar straight tubes, available in various diameters (e.g., T12. T8. T5), widely used in commercial, industrial, and institutional lighting.

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs): Smaller, often spiral or folded tubes designed to fit into standard incandescent light bulb sockets, commonly used in residential and smaller commercial applications.

Key characteristics include their energy efficiency, long operational life, and lower heat output compared to incandescent lights. The quality of the light produced can vary depending on the phosphor coating, affecting the color temperature (how warm or cool the light appears) and the color rendering index (CRI, how accurately colors are represented under the light). Fluorescent lamps require a ballast, an electrical device that regulates the current flow through the lamp. An environmental consideration for fluorescent lights is that they contain small amounts of mercury, requiring proper disposal.

Common applications for fluorescent lighting include:

Office buildings

Retail stores

Schools and universities

Factories and warehouses

Residential lighting (especially with CFLs)

Task lighting